The exam will be closed books and closed notes.

The exam will be designed to take 120 minutes to complete. Some questions may be multiple-choice.

• Relational algebra

  • Write relational algebra expressions

• SQL: Write SQL statements and evaluate them

  • Write DDL commands to create new tables and alter tables
  • Write SQL queries or evaluate them
  • Write SQL inserts, updates, and delete

• Database Design

  • Given a specification, design an ER model
  • Translate an ER model into a relational schema

• Functional dependencies

  • Be able to explain what closures, attribute closures, and canonical covers are
  • Compute candidate keys and canonical covers

• Normalization

  • Given a relation R, figure out whether it is in a certain normal form
  • Given a relation R, decompose it into 3NF
  • Be able to state the requirements for a certain normal form (e.g., a relation is in third normal form if …)

• Schedules

  • Given a schedule S for a set of transactions, determine to which class of schedules S belongs too (e.g., conflict-serializable, recoverable, cascadeless)
  • Be able to explain the definitions for conflict-serializable, recoverable, cascadeless

• Locking

  • Understand the different types of locks
  • Understand two-phase locking